epp_book-09010929
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1 English++ English++ English for Computer Science Students Complementary Course Book open book Jagiellonian Language Center Jagiellonian University Cracow 2008 2 English++ Książka English++ English for Computer Science Students powstała w ramach nie- komercyjnego projektu o nazwie English++, który został zrealizowany przez Monikę Stawicką wraz grupą studentów III roku informatyki uczących się języka angielskie- go w Jagiellońskim Centrum Językowym Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie w roku akademickim 2007/2008. Autorka i realizatorzy projektu dziękują Dyrekcji Centrum za umożliwienie jego realizacji, a użytkowników skryptu w wersji papierowej lub elektronicznej zachęcają do korzystania z materiałów tam zawartych w sposób twórczy rozszerzając je, adoptując do własnych potrzeb, korygując lub tworząc nowe. Autorka projektu English++ Monika Stawicka Realizatorzy projektu English++ Monika Stawicka
Aleksandra Bieńkowska
Paweł Fidelus
Bartłomiej Filipek
Krystian Kichewko
Szymon Kaczorowski
Michał Kubak
Ewa Matczyńska
Tomasz Paczkowski
Michał Pal
Krzysztof Roksela
Aleksandra Sendecka
Artur Staszczyk
Krzysztof Szromba
Piotr Śmigielski 3 English++ Contents Acknowledgements … 4 Introduction by Władysław T. Miodunka … 7 Introduction by Monika Stawicka … 9
- Reading Chapter … 13 • Roderick Hames “History of Computers” (1998) • Wikipedia “IloveYou Worm” • Tim Jones “Anatomy of the Linux Kernel” (2007) • Damien Stolarz “How to Stream Video Over a Network or the Internet” (2004) • Wikipedia “Computer Simulation” • Wikipedia ”Computer Facial Animation” • Stanisław Migórski “An Introduction to the Modelling of Real-World Problems
by the Simplest Ordinary Differential Equations”(2007)
• Martin Fowler “Writing Software Patterns”
• Randy Nash “Cyber Warfare: Reality or Box Office Hit?” (2007)
• Martin Fowler and Pramod Sadalage “Evolutionary Database Design” (2003)
• Joel Spolsky “Lord Palmerston on Programming” (2002)
• Wikipedia “Quake – Game Engine”
• Piotr Kalita, Robert Schaefer “Mechanical Models of Artery Walls” (2007)
• Robert Ahlfinger, Brenton Cheeseman, Patrick Doody “The Pitch Correction
Algorithm: an Overview” (2006) Wikipedia
• Wikipedia “Software Development Process”
2. Listening Chapter … 141
• John McCarthy, “What is Artificial Intelligence? Basic Questions” (2007)
• Agile Software Development from IT Conversation
• Open News Episode 25 from Open News
• Open News Episode 29 from Open News
• Open News Episode 31 from Open News
3. Presentation Chapter …177
• How to Give a Succesful Presentation? Practical Information
• Repertoire of Presentation Phrases
• Slide show. “Successful Presentations. A Few Tips From English++”
4. Appendixes … 191
• Appendix A: Mathematical Terminology
• Appendix B: Mathematical Formulas
• Appendix C: Greek Alphabet
5. Glossary … 201
4
English++
English++
Acknowledgements
Many people have assisted in the preparation of this first version of the book. But,
of course, as the leader of the English++ project I alone feel responsible for any
shortcomings. I would like to give special thanks to a group of enthusiastic 3rd year
computer science students of the Jagiellonian University without whom this book
would have never been prepared. They have worked as experts in the IT field, text
selectors, authors of complementary exercises, and finally shaped the book. Above all
I am grateful for the support and coordination of the project provided by Artur Staszc-
zyk and Paweł Fidelus and for creativeness and engagement of all the English++ mem-
bers: Aleksandra Sendecka, Aleksandra Bieńkowska, Ewa Matczyńska, Artur Staszczyk
, Paweł Fidelus,Tomasz Paczkowski, Piotr Śmigielski, Bartłomiej Filipek, Krzysztof
Szromba, Michał Kubak, Michał Pal, Krzysztof Roksela, Krystian Kichewko and Szymon
Kaczorowski. They all have contributed to the accomplishment of the book not only
by practicing their English language skills but also by actively using their knowledge
as experts in the field. Their work goes much beyond standard requirements of an
English university course.
Special thanks also go to: Dr Anna Ochal from the Institute of Computer
Science, who revised the mathematical part of the manuscript and to Dr Jerzy
Freundlich, a colleague of mine, who painstakingly revised reading and listening
texts and the exercises; Małgorzata Świątek, Director of the Jagiellonian Language
Center and Professor Marek Skomorowski, Director of the Institute of Computer
Science for the support of my initiative; Professor Władysław Miodunka for helping
me to maintain belief in the value of the Project, Dr Rafał Maciąg and Jerzy Zając for
their help in the recording studio, Dr Monika Coghen for her supportive comments
and Maciek Kwiatkowski for giving the book its final shape. Particular thanks go to
Jolanta Krzyształowska, Financial Director of the Jagiellonian Language Center and
the administrative staff of the Center.
The project members are grateful to Professor Stanisław Migórski, Dr Igor Podolak and
Dr Piotr Kalita from the Institute of Computer Science of the Jagiellonian University
for giving us permission to reproduce extracts of their work in our book: “An
Introduction to the Modelling of Real–World Problem by the Simplest Ordinary
Differential Equations” by Stanisław Migórski and “Mechanical Model of Artery
Walls” by Piotr Kalita and Robert Schaefer. We are also grateful to the following
authors for permission to reproduce extracts of their work in English++ book:
Joel Spolsky for “Lord Palmerston on Programming”, http://www.joelonsoftware.
5
English++
com/articles/LordPalmerston.html; Randy Nash for “Cyber Warfare: Reality or
Box Office Hit?”, http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1016106; Ro-
derick Hames for “History of Computers”), http://www.crews.org/curriculum
/ex/compsci/articles/history.htm; Damien Stolarz for “How to Stream Video Over
a Network or the Internet”, http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=331397
&seqNum=1; John McCarthy for „What Is Artificial Intelligence? - Basic Questions”,
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html; Martin Fowler and Pramod
Sadalage for “Evolutionary Database Design”, http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/
evodb.html; Martin Fowler for “Writing Software Patterns”, http://www.martinfowler.
com/articles/writingPatterns.html; Tim Jones for “Anatomy of the Linux Kernel”, http://
www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-kernel; Robert Ahlfinger, Brenton
Cheeseman, Patrick Doody for „The Pitch Correction Algorithm: an Overview” , http://cnx.org
/content/m12539/latest/. A special word of thanks go to those authors who
additionally supported us with their enthusiastic mails.
The following texts come from open sources: “Computer Facial Animation”,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_animation; “IloveYou Worm”, http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/ILOVEYOU; „Software Development Process”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-
ware_development_process; „Quake - Game Engine” http://en.wikipedia.org/w/
index.php?title=Quake&diff=172131494&oldid=172045276#Quake_en-
gine; Open News episodes 25, 29 and 31 are under the licence of Creative
Commons - http://opennewsshow.org/; Agile Software Development - http://itc.
conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail175.html. The pictures come from: History of Com-
puters: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dmealiffe/171720479/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.
com/photos/indigoprime/2240131208/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/broughturn-
er/2331185712/sizes/o/. I Love you Worm: Photo owned by LuiDuar (cc) http://www.flickr.com/
photos/22258204@N03/2482225688/;
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vidiot/35382084/
sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/joffley/135052908/sizes/l/. How to Stream Video
Over a Network or the Internet: http://www.flickr.com/photos/inju/2493101180/sizes/l/;
http:/www.flickr.com/photos/msjacoby/208642529/sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/photos
/pbo31/2162247328/sizes/o/. Computer Simulation: http://www.flickr.com/photos/en-
sight/2125461254/;
http://www.flickr.com/photos/oubliette/17538292/sizes/o/;
http://
www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/447302275/sizes/l/. Computer Facial Animation: http://
www.flickr.com/photos/ko_an/53060221/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/giopuo
/483784528/sizes/o/;
http://www.flickr.com/photos/guccibear2005/173969294/sizes/l/;
http://www.flickr.com/photos/coreburn/166237292/. Cyber Warfare: Reality or Box Office
Hit? http://www.flickr.com/photos/devachan77/338153377/sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/
photos/krazykory/2437404581/sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/juan23/82888194/
sizes/l/. Lord Palmerston on Programming: http://www.flickr.com/photos/vancouversun
/446503999/sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/icco/2246383366/sizes/l/; http://www.
6
English++
flickr.com/photos/jonnowitts/2399505874/sizes/l/. Quake - Game Engine: http://www.flickr.
com/photos/nothingpersonal/251603538/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/psycho
_al/66541940/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/prh/412670043/sizes/l/. Mechanical
Models of Artery Walls: http://www.flickr.com/photos/patrlynch/450142019/sizes/o/;
http://www.flickr.com/photos/patrlynch/450129220/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.com/
photos/andycarvin/2220691059/sizes/o/. The Pitch Correctiom Algorythm. An Overwiev:
Photo owned by woodleywonderworks (cc), http://www.flickr.com/photos/73645804
@N00/2267564159/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/zen/40081589/sizes/o/; http://www.
flickr.com/photos/timcaynes/102981762/sizes/l/. Software Development Process http://
www.flickr.com/photos/kubernan/401923870/sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/reinhold-
behringer/1072000705/sizes/l/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/146803248/sizes/o/.
What is Artificial Intelligence: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sashko/362105716/sizes/o/;
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gla/1790915676/sizes/o/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/easys
leazycheesy/1423829545/sizes/l/.
Monika Stawicka
July 2008
7
English++
Introduction
English ++ to bardzo ciekawy projekt, zrealizowany w Jagiellońskim Centrum
Językowym przez mgr Monikę Stawicką i studentów informatyki uczących się
angielskiego. Ciekawy, bo pokazujący, jak naukę języka angielskiego można
zintegrować z rozwojem zawodowym studentów informatyki. Ciekawy także
dlatego, bo dowodzący, że bierne uczenie się języka obcego można zamienić w zajęcie
kreatywne, w którym obie strony procesu nauczania – lektor i studenci – wiedzą, że
robią coś nowego, co przynosi najwięcej korzyści im samym, ale także coś, co może się
okazać pomocą dla innych uczących się.
Mam nadzieję, że wszyscy, którzy zetkną się z tym projektem, odczują radość tworze-
nia tak, jak ja ją odczułem w czasie spotkania z jego realizatorami w czerwcu 2008
roku.
Władysław T. Miodunka
Kraków, 18 lipca 2008
8
English++
Introduction
English++ is an interesting project realized in the Jagiellonian Language Center
by Monika Stawicka and computer science students learning English with her. The
project is interesting first of all, because it shows how to integrate learning English
with professional development. Moreover, it is interesting because it proves that
passive acquisition of a foreign language can be transformed into creative activities,
where both parties, a language teacher and students know that they do something
really new and beneficial not only for themselves, but perhaps also for others who
study English in a professional context.
I really believe that all of you who will come across Project English++ will share their
creative enthusiasm as I did during the meeting with the Project team in June 2008.
Władysław T. Miodunka
Cracow, 18 July 2008
9
English++
Introduction
The aim of the book
Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) is an important issue in studying foreign
languages at lektoraty within the Polish higher education context. In the English++
project a foreign language is naturally English and a specific purpose is the field of
computer science.
The idea of a complementary English course book for computer science students evolved
when I was asked to run an English course for such students. A lack of appropriate and
coherent materials for teaching and learning the ESP element was a serious drawback
of the course. The reading or listening texts I brought to the classroom were not
always at the satisfactionary level as far as the subject matter was concerned.
The main aim of English++ book, therefore, is an attempt to bridge the gap between
the students’ needs and teachers’ competences in the area of English for computer
science by offering, among other things, a selection of texts suitable for students at
their level of professional development. The unique trait of this book is the fact that
the texts have been selected and exercises have been prepared by future experts in
the field – a group of 3rd year computer science students working under the supervi-
sion of their English teacher. All this to ease studying a foreign language in a subject
specific context.
The book’s audience
This book has been aimed at two kinds of users. One is a computer science student
whose general competence in English is at least at an upper intermediate level (B2
level according to Common European Framework of Reference). He can use the book
for self-study or in the classroom with his teacher’s assistance. A teacher is the second
kind of a user. He can use a given text as a starting point for creating his own activities
in the classroom or he can simply follow the suggestions of exercises the book
provides. Both groups of users can benefit additionally by becoming more familiar
with various aspects of a broad area of computer science.
The contents of the book
The book is divided into three chapters. They are the main chapter containing
authentic reading material, the chapter with listening material and the chapter dealing
with a difficult task of delivering an oral presentation. At the end of the book there
are appendixes and the glossary. The second and third chapters and the appendixes
are accompanied by audio and video material.
LSP
Language
for Specific Purposes
CEFR
Common European
Framework of Reference
10
English++
Reading Chapter
The following are parts of the reading chapter with a brief summary of their contents:
• Information on the reading text
This section contains ‘technical’ information on a reading text, such as IT sub-areas
the article covers, the length of a text expressed in a number of words, levels of the
English language complexity, computer science or math content, summaries in English
and Polish, keywords with their definitions and learning objectives. This part has
been designed for both teachers and students to make their preliminary choices for
reading easier. The evaluation of the English level difficulty and subject matter complexity
has been provided by the students.
• Pre-reading questions
This section has been designed to encourage a reader to think about the topic which
will be then discussed in a given text. The pre–reading questions are supposed to
provoke an exchange of opinions or a short discussion. Some of them are accompanied
by suggested answers provided in the section: Exercises.
• Text
This section contains the whole text of an original article, or as it happens in the case
of several articles, just excerpts. The remaining parts are then located in the e-version
of the book. The texts have been selected for their intrinsic interest. They vary in
length; therefore they may be suitable for either intensive or extensive reading and
for practicing reading skills.
• Exercises
The first part of this section contains suggestions of pre-reading questions this time
accompanied by suggestions of the answers, followed by comprehension questions
also complemented by the answers. This might be practical when the book is used
both by a learner for self - study and by a teacher in the classroom. We believe that
providing suggested answers just after the text and not at the end of the book or in
another book will make a teacher’s life in the classroom a bit easier.
Listening Chapter
The organization of the listening chapter is similar to the organization of the reading
chapter. Consequently, the listening chapter contains the following sections:
• Information on the listening text
Instead of a number of words a running time of a particular listening piece has been
provided. The level of listening difficulty has been also evaluated by the students.
ESP
English
for Specific Purposes
IT
information technology